Fluid mechanics notes pdf

The value generally taken is 1 bar or 1. Pressure above atmospheric pressure is termed as gauge pressure, while the total pressure is termed as the absolute pressure.

A barometer is used to measure total pressure while a manometer is used to measure the gauge pressure. With its applications rooted across aviation and other sectors, understanding this mechanical property of the fluid is essential. It is the pressure at any point in the fluid and is defined as the normal force per unit area. The SI unit of pressure is Pascal. The pressure is a scalar quantity and has no direction of its own. It acts perpendicular to any surface in the fluid.

The following are the rules governing the determination of pressure with respect to the mechanical properties of fluids :. The property of a fluid by virtue of which it opposes relative motion between two layers is known as viscosity. This law is used extensively in studies of the mechanical properties of fluids. It states that a change in the pressure applied to a closed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessel. It is used in various industrial applications.

Its formula is given as:. This is another important rule in the study of the mechanical properties of fluids. It states that when a body is partially or fully dipped in a fluid, the fluid exerts a contact force on the body which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

This force is known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically against the weight of the body through the centre of gravity of the displaced liquid, known as the centre of buoyancy. Note The rules of flotation state that a body will float if its average density is less than that of the liquid. The centre of gravity of the body and the centre of buoyancy must be along the same straight line, while the weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed part of the body must be equal to the weight of the body.

This is an essential theorem in the determination of the mechanical properties of fluids. Therefor the entire fluid mass system can be treated as the continuous distribution of mass and this continuous mass of fluid is known as Continuum. Density : It is defined as mass per unit volume of the substance 2. Specific Weight : It is defined as the weight of the substance per unit volume.

Specific Gravity : It is defined as ratio of density of liquid to the density of standard fluid. For liquids, standard fluid is water. For gases, standard fluid is atmospheric air. Sometimes H2 or CH4 are taken as standard fluids for gases.

Relative Density : Relative density is the ratio of denisity of 1st fluid to that of the 2nd fluid. Relative density of fluid is always defined with repect to the another fluid. Fluid Mehanics by A. Mohanty, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. A text of Fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines by Dr. Bansal — Laxmi Publications P ltd. In R13, 8-units of R09 syllabus are combined into 5-units in r13 syllabus.

Average rating 4. Vote count: No votes so far! Be the first to rate this post. Tags Fluid Mechanics fluid mechanics lecture notes Fluid Mechanics Notes fluid mechanics notes pdf fluid mechanics pdf fms pdf.