Fiat grande punto service manual pdf

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Fiat - Auto - fiat-grande-punto-actualinstrukcja-obslugi Fiat - Auto - fiat-puntokullan-m-k-lavuzu The catalytic converter consists of a monolith honeycomb ceramic 1 , whose cells are impregnated with platinum 2 , substance catalyzing the oxidation reactions.

Operation The exhaust gases that pass through the cells heat up the catalyst, triggering the conversion of pollutants into inert compounds. The chemical reaction of oxidation of CO, HC, and the particulate is effective with temperatures between and C. In fact above C begin to oxidize the sulfur content in diesel fuel, giving rise to anhydride and sulfur trioxide. In so doing lowers the peak temperature in the combustion chamber, containing the formation of oxides of nitrogen NOx.

The solenoid valve E. A heat exchanger 3 allows the partial cooling of the exhaust gases further lowering the temperature of the combustion chamber. After Sales Training Solenoid E. The variation of this signal allows the coil of EGR moving a shutter, thereby regulating the flow of flue gases from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold; is results in two outcomes: less air is introduced; is lowered the combustion temperature due to the presence of inert gases , reducing Consequently, the formation of NOx nitrogen oxides.

The injection control unit is kept informed on the amount of recirculated gas, from information from the flow meter, for if a certain RPM is expected the aspiration of a given quantity of air Qam and the value sent by the flow meter Qar is lower, the difference Qgr is the value of the amount of recirculated gas.

After Sales Training The signal of atmospheric pressure is used in piloting the solenoid EGR for recognize the condition of travel at height, so as to reduce the amount of gas recirculated and avoid the smokiness of the engine. Solenoid E. Pierburg, mounted on the cylinder head, has the task of modulating the passage of the exhaust gas inlet as a function of the command of the control unit of injection.

The modulation occurs through the internal solenoid, controlled by the PWM control unit, which actuates the control rod of the internal valve which, once opened, carries the gas in the intake manifold. After Sales Training Valve body E. Gas inlet from the exhaust manifold Gas outlet to the intake manifold Positive solenoid Negative solenoid 3. The condensed vapors through a pipe 3 back in the cup, while those not condensed through a pipe 4 are sent to the suction sleeve turbocharger air.

The depression is present from the separation partition 1 of the gear until the suction cup oil. After Sales Training The pressure is developed instead from the separation partition 1 in all conduits oil delivery of the engine 2. When the pressure exceeds the value of 5 bar, the thrust exerted on the relief valve 6 wins the reaction of the spring and moves below the valve to open up the duct 8 of connection between pressure chamber 7 and the low pressure chamber 5. Through a dedicated valve set, contained in the cap pressurized, we obtain: escape of air from the circuit collection from the pipe coming from the thermostat entry of air when the circuit is in depression because of the cooling engine.

Cooler engine E 'consists of a radiator core and two side trays for the input and the output of the coolant. The tubes and fins of the radiator core are made of aluminum, the plastic trays. After Sales Training It 'kind of centrifugal vane pump casing and impeller shaft in phenolic resin steel.

Fixed to the base engine and driven directly by the belt of the services. Thermostat is mounted on the engine water temperature sensor linked to the central injection and the control panel 3. They are controlled directly by the engine control unit according to a specific logic operation 3. The tensioning is carried out through automatic tensioner 2 which excludes operations scheduled maintenance.

After Sales Training torsional stress on the motor and belt and then on the subsidiary bodies of the motor. After Sales Training For models with air conditioning.

The pressure value is one of the key parameters for the optimization of Fuel consumption and exhaust smoke. The management with more pilot injections makes possible a preheating chamber combustion in order to avoid the pressure peak caused by a rapid combustion, ensuring a smoother operation and allows to further reduce emissions.

The adjustment of the injection pressure is possible thanks to the constructive characteristics of the system that is equipped with pressure pump, pressure regulator, pressure sensor and electro-separated, all managed by a unit. In this way, the injection pressure is independent of the speed of rotation of the motor. After Sales Training Constitution The fuel system of the fuel is divided into low-pressure circuit and the high pressure circuit.

The pump is lubricated and cooled by the flow of fuel that runs through it: the flow rate required is supplied by low-pressure pump. This feeds the pump with an amount of fuel always superior to the needs of motor in order to create a recirculation of the fuel to the tank, in so doing is obtained the lubrication priority and the cooling of the pump.

The movement of the pistons is determined by an eccentric integral with the pump shaft: this actuates a polygonal ring which acts on the foot of the plunger. Each pump unit is equipped with a suction valve to the plate and of a discharge to sphere. After Sales Training Structure Each pumping unit consists of: three pistons 5 driven by an eccentric 2 integral with the pump shaft 6 ; an intake valve to the plate for each piston 3 ; a valve discharge ball for each piston 4.

The pump pressure must be supplied with a pressure of at least 0. The maximum discharge pressure reaches bar. The pressure pump is lubricated and cooled by the same fuel using appropriate ducts. The high-pressure pump now makes available a pressure of in the rail system up to bar. This was obtained by reinforcement of the drive, modified valve units and measures for increasing the robustness of the body.

The required flow rate is adjusted in a continuous manner through the solenoid valve M-PROP which is on the high pressure pump. This valve adjusts the amount of fuel entered into the needs of the rail system. After Sales Training the maximum temperature of the fuel. The supply pressure required for the high-pressure pump is made available by a pump for supplying fuel electrically operated which is in the form of the tank. After Sales Training Valve M-PROP Electronic control valve serves to modulate the flow of power from the circuit of low pressure to high-pressure pump by rotating a flap internal to the valve commanded directly from the ECM.

After Sales Training Pressure regulator DRV 2 E 'mounted on the rail and controlled by the injection control unit, controls the pressure of the fuel supply to the electro-injectors. The fuel of the control volume 9 flows to the return manifold 10 causing a lack of pressure on the control 7. Classification IMA The classification method injectors with IMA is a procedure that aims to improve engine performance and emissions appropriately combining the design feature of each injector with the strategy control software within the control unit motor.

In this way you can recover the manufacturing tolerances: each injector is tested of 7 points of operation characteristic, associated with particular conditions of pressure fuel and time control, that reproduce the typical points of operation of the engine Minimum, fully loaded, etc. After Sales Training In the graph shows the characteristic curves of 4 injectors as a function of time command ET for different levels of rail pressure. The characteristics of each electro-injector are identified by a series of 9 characters alphanumeric characters printed on the body of the same plant from BOSCH.

The factories of body FIAT align units motor control strategies with their software management through appropriate equipment line testing, which interprets the data reported in the label and executes the operation with the services diagnostic described below. After Sales Training still classified can be moved even before you have performed the operation with the equipment of diagnosis suitable; in these conditions, prior to performing the IMA classification, the MIL malfunction indicator lamp for every Power On Key in RUN position - engine stopped or running will be managed in ways Blink flashing and in memory errors will be present with an error code P was "present" to grading completed.

A rating error occurred and svalidato P will automatically become intermittently until the OFF-Key. To ensure that the DTC gates automatically from the memory errors it is necessary perform a KeyOff - On Key complete with power latch after classifying the four injectors. Once erased from memory errors, the DTC can never occur at all stages of life of the unit, it is not possible, once that's done, back in the ccm condition rating of virgin run.

With its volume of about 20 cm dampens the oscillations of the fuel pressure due to: to the operation of the pump pressure opening of the electro.

After Sales Training On one side of the discharge manifold RAIL is mounted the pressure sensor fuel RDS 4 and the other is connected to the pressure regulator RDS 4 The hydraulic connections high pressure between the collector-collector-pump and injectors are carried out using steel pipes having an inner diameter 2 mm outer diameter and 6 mm.

After Sales Training Total immersed pump complete command level indicator The fuel pump is assembled into a single overall level meter and the fuel filter, so the components are individually replaceable. The electric pump fuel has the function of feeding the high pressure pump. It is completely immersed in the fuel inside the tank. The pump assembly is constructed so as to obtain the maximum level of fuel in the area of draft.

This function is realized by means of a venturi located on the return pipe to the draft compared to that of the tank. After Sales Training Venturi tube Electric pump Pre filter The fuel pump has an electric motor with permanent magnet 1 , which controls the pump impeller 2 and a lid support terminal 3 that contains the electrical and hydraulic connections.

The stadium is the electric-type single-flow high-performance peripheral Low-voltage and temperature. The advantages compared to the electric pumps that operate according to the volumetric principle, are: - Low weight; - Small. In case of crash the vehicle stops with the grounding of the electric and fuel Therefore the fuel supply to the system of injection.

A steel ball 1 mounted in a conical shape 2 , is normally held locked by the force of attraction of a magnet adjacent. After Sales Training Under specific loads of acceleration, the ball is released from the magnetic latch and gradually exits from the support with a conical form with an upward movement, according to the angle of the cone.

Above the ball is located a quick-release mechanism 3 which form the electrical circuit normally closed N. When the mechanism is hit by the ball, it changes position, the circuit from NC in circuit normally open NO , interrupting the ground circuit of the electric fuel.

The switch can be reset by pushing a button protected by a flexible cover 4. NOTE: After a collision however minor, if you smell fuel or notice losses from the fuel system does not replace the switch, but to seek first the fault and restore it, to avoid risk of fire. Otherwise if not noticed losses and the car is able to press the restart button to reactivate the pump.

The filter consists of a plastic housing that contains within itself a cartridge filter synthetic material with high performance in terms of efficiency, durability and separation water.

The heater is controlled by the injection control unit as a function of the sensor signal temperature fuel To see the specific fuel temperature sensor. After Sales Training 7 Air intake manifold 3. The main functions of the system are essentially the following: Fuel temperature control; check engine coolant temperature; fuel injection quantity control; Control of idle speed; cutting of the fuel in the release phase Cut-off ; balance control cylinders to a minimum; antiseghettamento control; control exhaust smoke on acceleration; control exhaust gas recirculation E.

After Sales Training auxiliary fuel pump control; monitoring the position of cylinders for timing; main advance control and multiple injections; closed-loop control of the injection pressure; budgetary control systems; IMA injector calibration.

And 'mounted in the engine compartment. The unit is a "flash e. The injection unit has an integrated absolute pressure sensor. After Sales Training Negative fuel pressure sensor Not logged in Positive fuel pressure sensor Low engine oil pressure sensor signal Air temperature signal flow meter Not logged in Not logged in Not logged in Signal flow meter air flow Negative solenoid E.

Negative injector cylinder 1 Positive injector cylinder 2 Not logged in Not logged in Not logged in Negative phase sensor Not logged in Positive boost pressure sensor and air intake temperature Negative boost sensor and inlet air temperature Positive phase sensor Not logged in Negative flow meter Not logged in Engine coolant temperature sensor ground. After Sales Training K-line diagnostic Not logged in Sensor signal in the presence of water diesel filter Not logged in Signal brake pedal switch normally open 2.

Clutch pedal switch 3. After Sales Training Multiple injections: The strategy of operation with multiple injections allows the control in a precise manner the combustion process within the cylinder. The injections are modulated to avoid pressure gradients too high which would cause an increase in the noise combustion and unnecessary mechanical stress.

Through multiple injections are able to significantly lower the pollutants, maintaining optimum engine performance. After Sales Training The information that the control unit processes to control the amount of fuel to be injected are: - RPM; - Coolant temperature; - Boost pressure; - Air temperature from flowmeter - Intake air quantity; - Battery power; - Oil pressure; - Accelerator pedal position; - Oil temperature.

The parameters of recovery are managed by non-faulty. Compare these minimum values and corrects them with other parameters: - Coolant temperature; - Number of engine revolutions; - Car speed; - Air temperature, and controls the amount of fuel to be injected the pressure regulator - electroinjectors.

After Sales Training The control unit during each motor revolution recognizes which cylinder is in power stroke through the phase sensor and controls the sequence of injection to the cylinder appropriate.

After Sales Training The control unit, depending on the engine water temperature and pressure of the fluid refrigerant in air conditioning, controls: the insertion of the electro fans to the first or second speed. An indicator on the dashboard, activated by the control unit indicates the operating status or deactivation of the system.

The cruise control is temporarily disabled: by actuating the brake, operating the clutch; with the "resume" to return to the stored speed. The cruise control is not disabled if required acceleration eg overtaking and automatically restores the car to the set speed when you release the accelerator. The ASR antispin overrides the cruise control for security reasons.

E 'of the inductive type, ie it works by the variation of the magnetic field generated by the passage of the teeth of the phonic wheel 60 - 2 teeth. The injection control unit uses the signal of the rpm sensor for: determining the speed of rotation of the motor determine the angular position of the crankshaft.

The figure shows the rpm sensor into its components. This distance is not adjustable, so if you find an air gap to the value of out of tolerance, verify the integrity of the sensor and the gear wheel. In the graph shows the output signal of the sensor in relation to the horizontal development the gear wheel. After Sales Training deriving from the count of the teeth placed on a ring or phonic wheel. The frequency and amplitude of the voltage sent to the electronic control unit provides the same the measurement of the angular velocity of the crankshaft.

Cam angle sensor or phase It is a Hall effect sensor. It is installed on the overhead at the shaft of distribution outlet side. On the latter there is provided a tooth that allows the sensor to signal the position of phase timing of the engine. The injection control unit uses the signal of the phase sensor to know the PMS eventually of the compression, and in the starting phase to synchronize the injections with respect to the position of the pistons.

After Sales Training Operation Current flows through a semiconductor layer, immersed in a magnetic field normal Lines of force perpendicular to the direction of the current generates at its terminals a difference in potential, known as tension in the "Hall".

If the intensity of the current remains constant, the voltage generated depends only on the intensity of the magnetic field; is sufficient so that the intensity of the magnetic field various periodically to obtain a modulated electric signal, whose frequency is proportional the speed with which changes the magnetic field.

To achieve this change, the sensor is approached periodically by a tooth formed on the inner part of the pulley. After Sales Training Every time the rotor passes in front of the sensor is to generate, for the Hall effect, a variation of the output voltage from the sensor; this variation occurs for the entire duration of the passage in front of the sensor rotor after which the signal returns to the initial value 5V.

NB the control unit in case of failure of the sensor uses an internal mapping emergency that will allow the motor to start, however, Boost pressure sensor The pressure sensor of supercharging is mounted on the intake manifold and allows to measure a suction pressure up to the value of 1. The sensing element is constituted by a piezoresistive element whose signal is amplified by an electronic circuit integrated in the sensor.

The sensor is powered directly from electronic control unit with a voltage of 5V, and outputs the voltage directly proportional to the supercharge pressure. After Sales Training Engine coolant temperature sensor E 'mounted on the thermostat and detects the temperature of the water by means of an NTC having negative coefficient of resistance.

Features engine water temperature sensor Temperature C 0 Resistance Kohm Greater accuracy of measurements. The differences between the flow meter HFM6 and earlier are: Digital signals of temperature and air flow Four-wire electrical connection. Different channeling of the air flow which invests the sensitive element of measurement new by- pass. Turret heat-sealed to the duct flushing air. After Sales Training Protection grid to the outlet section of the duct flushing air with the function of condensation of oil vapors.

The flow meter HFM6, has a new plastic grid 1 positioned on the outlet section of the duct sensor housing, which has the function of protecting the measuring sensor Sensing element from the blow-by vapors that may riflussare during the off state of the motor. In the digital flow meter the turret 2 is heat sealed to the duct housing the sensor, and therefore inseparable from it.

In the analogue flow meter tower is attached to the conduit for means of two screws. After Sales Training 1 2 3 The variation of the resistive values is converted from analogue to logic thanks to a "Analog Digital Converter" 3. And thanks to a "Function Generator" 1 the data is sent to the control unit Engine. To detect the frequency value and sufficient to use a multimeter with selected the frequency measurement and the related caps connected one on the ground pin flow meter and a signal on the pin on the air flow.

After Sales Training RDS fuel pressure sensor 4 E 'attached to the end of the single fuel manifold "rail" and has the task of providing to the injection unit a signal of "feedback" to: adjust the injection pressure; adjust the duration of injection.

The sensor is powered directly by the engine control unit with a voltage 5V. The output voltage varies linearly between 0. After Sales Training Pinout fuel pressure sensor Pin 1 2 3 Name Mass Sensor Output Supply Type signal Mass Exit Analog 5V Input In case of failure of the sensor unit through the mapping of emergency commands the quantity control valve drv2 to erecting the minimum pressure of bar bar to bar.

After Sales Training Potentiometer accelerator pedal The sensor is constituted by a casing fixed to the accelerator pedal, within which, in axial position, is placed a shaft connected to the two potentiometers: the main one and of safety.

On the shaft a helical spring ensures the correct pressure resistance, while a second spring assures the return of release. The reading of the redundant signal allows to continuously monitor the plausibility of measured values, in order to ensure complete driving safety even in case of failure.

Operation The position of the accelerator pedal is converted into an electric voltage signal and sent to the control unit from the potentiometer connected to its foot. The accelerator pedal position signal is processed together with information relating the number of revolutions to derive the injection timing and the relative pressure. Track 2 Resistance: 1. After Sales Training 4 1. The engine performance is comparable to Fire 1.

The development of the motor 1. The new combustion chamber, with a compression ratio increased to The 1. After Sales Training control of the valves by means of a camshaft and mechanical tappets in glasses and registration; continuous variable valve timing, electronically controlled hydraulic system; cast-iron block; a combustion chamber with variable turbulence; Liquid cooling with forced circulation by centrifugal pump attached to basement and sealed circuit.

Radiator and additional expansion tank; distribution of the motor through a toothed belt; flexible flywheel with a consequent reduction of the vibrations of the powerplant transmitted inside the 'cockpit; motorized throttle body and drive-by-wire control unit PCB mounted on the motor; a gear pump for lubrication; a crank connecting rod - optimized for the purpose of reducing piston reciprocating masses, because main excitation vibration motor; Coils in a single block, ignition spark, elimination and control detonation cylinder to cylinder; Marelli engine control unit of type "torque-based" resistant to mechanical stress and thermal engine ; values of consumption and exhaust gas very low; diagnosis via EOBD; 2 heated oxygen sensors and three-way catalyst; Meets the Euro 4 standard.

Specifications 1. After Sales Training The figure below shows the 'system in general. After Sales Training 4. And 'one unit of digital microprocessor type characterized by high calculation capacity, low energy and lack of maintenance.

The task of the 'electronic control unit is to process the signals from the various sensors through 'application of the algorithms and software to control the driving of the actuators particularly electrical injectors, ignition coils and a motorized throttle in order to achieve the best possible operation of the engine. The 'adoption of the Fiat CODE protection system does not allow the exchange of units between Fiat Punto different from the same engine.

After Sales Training 43 The Lambda probe upstream of the catalyst 0. The fixing of the injectors is performed by the fuel manifold, which presses the same in the respective seats formed in the ducts of the intake manifold, while the O-rings 1 and 2 in fluoro rubber, ensure the seal on the intake manifold and the fuel manifold.

L'' fuel supply takes place from the upper part 3 of the electrical injector'', whose body contains the'' winding 4 connected to the terminals 5 of the electrical connector 6. Collector fuel Collector aspiration The jet fuel at a pressure of 3. Operation The control logic of the injectors is of the "phased sequential'', ie the four injectors are controlled according to the phases of intake of the individual cylinders.

Operation The windings are covered by a container of molded plastic and isolated by immersion in a compound of epoxy resin and quartz which gives them their exceptional properties dielectric, mechanical and thermal could also withstand high temperatures. The proximity of the primary to the magnetic core reduces the loss of magnetic flux making the'' best fit on the secondary.

After Sales Training NOTE: When installing the ignition module, first tighten the two screws to 'external and finally the central one to the specified torque, otherwise you risk breaking the form. The injection control unit as a function of the signal from the potentiometer pedal accelerator,'' controls the throttle opening by means of a DC motor integrated in the throttle body.

Operation L'' throttle opening is 0 to 82 so including the adjustment of the system minimum. In case of failure of the two potentiometers or in the absence of power, as a function of position of the accelerator pedal, the control unit applies a strategy of recovery with resulting in degraded operating noticeable by the driver and disable the diagnosis EOBD.

The replacement of the throttle body or the engine control unit or the intake manifold Air'' does not require the execution of self-learning procedure. After Sales Training Pin-out Recovery: In case of failure is set to a value calculated from the values read from the sensor absolute pressure and, if this is a fault, is imposed on a fixed value equal to 50 Opening butterfly. Strategies are barred dash-pot, self-adaptation of the minimum and the title mix. After Sales Training Pin-out Recovery In the case of variable phase locked in a position maximum advance, maximum delay, or intermediate position for mechanical failure or short circuit of the drive ' solenoid driving the drive, the 'solenoid is no longer controlled by the ECM.

Questo together with the new ducts timings of the intake and exhaust and optimized distribution, performance guarantees bright, low power and low emissioni. In this way, at every moment the engine operates with the ignition timing optimal in terms of fuel consumption. Delaying the 'opening of the intake valve and the closing of the exhaust valve, a part of the intake stroke greater, the greater is the scalettamento of phase shifter is done with closed intake valve and exhaust valve still open, so that part of the combustion gases are sucked from the exhaust EGR.

These gases are to occupy part of the volume of the cylinder reduction of the displacement. The operation of the engine, at equal performance, with more open throttle reduces pumping losses that occur in parts of the charge phase phases exhaust- intake , thus obtaining a reduction in fuel consumption.

After Sales Training The CVCP is constituted by: a rotor integral with the shaft cam which can rotate with respect to the pulley Stator move from the crankshaft. After Sales Training The engine oil arrives at the seat of the slide valve through a hole flywheel side in valve cover 1. L 'oil enters the valve through a filter 2. After Sales Training L 'solenoid valve spool connects the rooms in advance or delay of the rotor with the channels of the 'oil in the cylinder head, through two holes 1.

A hole transmits the 'oil pressure to move the vanes of the rotor, while the other is placed in communication with the exhaust 3 from 'solenoid. Then the holes 1, 2 act always one of entrance Direction variable and one exit head depending on the stage if it be delayed or advanced by the engine control unit.

After Sales Training c d As mentioned previously the phase shifter is constituted by a rotor and a stator. The rotor is provided with vanes and moves under the pressure of the 'oil on the same engine. To the two sides of each of these pallets are created, two compartments compartment compartment advance and delay : the engine oil can flow, or in a compartment or in 'other.

After Sales Training same with the exhaust. This produces the rotation of the rotor and therefore of 'camshaft in a certain direction advance or delay. If the 'oil either enters into a compartment and in' other continuously for the same time, it has a dynamic balance of the pressures at the two sides of the rotor which therefore remains stationary.

The position of advance is the position of rest, in fact the spring that acts as a flexible coupling'''' There is no play of avoiding 'camshaft especially in start-up to low pressure oil is loaded in position in advance.

The detonations generate a mechanical impact on a piezoelectric crystal that sends a signal to the control unit, based on this signal the engine control unit provides for reducing l'' ignition advance until the disappearance of the phenomenon.

Later, the advance is'' gradually restored to baseline. After Sales Training Operation The molecules of a quartz crystal are characterized by an electrical polarization. Under resting conditions A the molecules do not have a particular orientation.

When the crystal is subjected to a pressure or to a collision B , they are oriented in such a way much more marked as the higher the pressure to which the crystal is subjected characteristic of quartz This orientation produces a voltage across the crystal. This voltage is then result of the vibrations produced by the explosion in the various cylinders. In the engine control unit are mapped to the amplitudes of 'reference wave operation correct the engine. The engine control unit incorporates the amplitudes d 'wave different from those of reference, such as misfiring, then activates an emergency response plan A.

Rest position B. After Sales Training Pin-out Recovery In case of failure of the sensor, the engine control unit implements the maps'''' of more conservative ignition advance for the Protection of the engine.

The control unit analyzes the signal and corrects the stoichiometric ratio so as to maintain burning always within the limits required for emissions. The lambda probe after the catalyst serves to control the real efficiency of the catalyst: the controller and check its signal through the MIL indicates the deterioration of catalyst.

After Sales Training It is of the inductive type, ie it works by the variation of the magnetic field generated by the passage of the teeth of the phonic wheel teeth. The injection control unit uses the signal of the rpm sensor for: determining the speed of rotation determine the angular position of crankshaft''.

Operation: The sensor is constituted by a tubular case 1 inside which there is a magnet Permanent 3 and an electrical winding 2 The magnetic flux created by the magnet 3 undergoes, due to the passage of the teeth of phonic wheel, of the oscillations due to the change of air gap. These oscillations induce an electromotive force in winding'' 2 to the ends of which is to alternatively find a positive voltage tooth facing the sensor and negative hollow facing the sensor. After Sales Training 1, sensor 2, Signal output 3, signal corresponding to the two missing teeth 4, pulley crankshaft tone wheel The peak value of the output voltage of the sensor depends on other factors being equal, by the distance between the sensor and the tooth gap.

On the phonic wheel are formed sixty teeth, two of which are removed to create a reference: the step of the wheel thus corresponds to an angle of 6 divided by 60 teeth. The point of synchronism is recognized at the end of the first tooth next to the space of two missed teeth: when this passes under the sensor, the engine is located with the pair of pistons at BTDC. The prescribed distance air gap to obtain correct signals,'' between the ends of the sensor and the phonic wheel must be between 0.

A semiconductor layer from the current path, immersed in a magnetic field normal generates at its ends a potential difference, voltage known as "Hall". After Sales Training Operation The pulley on 'camshaft consists of 4 rilievi. Nella rotation of the pulley distance between pulley and phase sensor varies and is generated a signal of low voltage For each relief.

Conversely, where not present these reliefs the sensor generates a voltage signal more high. It follows that the high signal alternates with low signal four times each engine cycle. This signal together with the signal speed and PMS allows the controller to recognize the cylinders and to determine the point of injection and ignition.

Constitution The following figure illustrates the formation of the sensor. After Sales Training Operation For the NTC element'''' relative to injection system, the reference voltage is 5 volts; as the input circuit in the control unit is designed as voltage divider, this voltage is partitioned between resistance present in the control unit and the resistance of the NTC sensor.

It follows that the control unit is able to evaluate changes in the resistance of the sensor through changes of the voltage and thus obtain the'' temperature information. Requires the 'last value of temperature detected in the case did not correspond to that of regime the ECU it gradually increases as a function of time from 'engine start up to reach 80 C.

Is activated the cooling fan radiator. Both the information needed to control unit to define the amount of air sucked by the engine, this information is then used to calculate the time of injection and ignition timing. The sensor is mounted on the intake manifold. The resistance presented by the sensor decreases at higher temperatures''. The input circuit control unit realizes a division of the reference voltage between 5 volts the resistance of the sensor and a fixed reference value, obtaining a voltage proportional to the resistance, and then to the temperature.

L'' sensitive element of the pressure sensor is constituted by a Wheatstone bridge screen-printed on a membrane made of ceramic material. On one face of the membrane is present the absolute vacuum of reference, while on the other'' face acts depression present in the intake manifold. The signal of a piezoresistive resulting from the deformation affected the membrane, before being sent to the engine control unit, is amplified by a circuit electronic content in the same support that houses the ceramic membrane.

The diaphragm, with the engine off, flexes according to the value of atmospheric pressure; it has so Insert key,'' the exact information of the altitude. During operation of the engine, the effect of the vacuum'' a proxy action Mechanical on the membrane of the sensor, which flexes by varying the value of resistances.

After Sales Training Electrical characteristics: The following figure shows the electrical characteristics of the sensor. Operation The sensor is constituted by a casing, fixed to the support accelerator pedal, at'' internal of which, in axial position, is placed a shaft connected to the potentiometer double track.

Operating range from 0 to 70 ; mechanical stop to After Sales Training Recovery: The engine control unit performs the following strategies "recovery'' in the following conditions: in case of failure of one of the two potentiometers'' allows the throttle opening up to a maximum of 40 in a very long time in the event of complete failure of the two potentiometers'' excludes the throttle opening.

The sensor, analyzing in a continuous and uniform pressure circuit of the 'air-conditioning unit, provides real-time engine control unit to the pressure changes making it more flexible management of a trigger. After Sales Training 1 2 1: High-pressure pipe 2: low-pressure pipe Operation: After each increase of pressure corresponds to a voltage signal used by the control unit engine to activate the speed of 'fan and disconnect the compressor if the pressure rises or falls beyond the limits allowed safety function.

The range of use of the linear sensor varies from 3. After Sales Training The consent to 'drive the compressor and the adjustment of the speed of the' electric fan, as a function of the pressure variation, is in this range of pressures; below and above these values the compressor is turned off as a condition of safeguards to prevent any damage to the 'plant itself.

After Sales Training Pin-out Recovery: In the case of failure of the sensor, as the value of atmospheric pressure is considered that present in the intake manifold to the Key-on, or under full load throttle wide open.

These changes are stored in the form of changes to the basic mapping, and are intended to adapt the operation of the system to the progressive deterioration of the engine and components with respect to the characteristics to new. This feature also allows adaptive offset the inevitable diversity due to manufacturing tolerances of components being optionally substituted.

The control unit from'' analysis of exhaust gases, changes the mapping of base with respect to new characteristics to the motor. After Sales Training The adaptive parameters are not cleared with the detachment of the battery.

The operating logic of the indicator light MIL is the following: with key inserted and turned instrument panel, the light comes on and stays on until engine start occurred. The self-diagnosis system of the control unit checks the signals from the sensors comparing the data with the permitted limit. Fault signals'' to start the engine: the failure or switching off of the lamp to start the engine taken place indicates the presence of a error stored in the ECU. Report faults during operation: The lightning flash indicates possible damage to the catalyst the presence of misfire engine misfire.

The control unit defines each time the type of recovery as a function of the components in failure. This signal is generated by a Hall effect sensor, positioned on the valve cover in obtained at the encoder wheel on the pulley of 'camshaft. The pre-catalyst sensor determines the control of the title on a 1 ring closed loop of the probe pre-catalyst.

The probe post-catalyst is used for the diagnosis catalyst and to modulate finely control parameters of 1 ring. In this 'optical' s adaptivity of the second ring has the purpose to recover both the dispersions production, both the slow drifts that the response of the probes pre-catalyst can report against aging and poisoning.

After Sales Training This control is referred to as the control of 2 ring closed loop of the probe post- catalyst. The electronic control unit recognizes this condition according to the temperature signal of the coolant, increasing the time base d 'injection. Under full load it is necessary to increase the base time of injection'' to get the maximum power delivered by the engine. The correction of the injection time will be a function of the variation of altitude and will be updated automatically by the electronic control unit to each engine shutdown and in certain conditions of throttle position and speed typically at low rpm and wide open throttle dynamic adaptation of the atmospheric correction.

After Sales Training For very high speeds is carried out the cut-off even under conditions of the butterfly valve does not completely closed, but with pressure in the intake manifold particularly low Partial cut-off. The injection time'' base'' is multiplied by a coefficient as a function of engine coolant temperature, the speed of the throttle opening accelerator and increased pressure in the intake manifold.

If the abrupt variation of the injection time is calculated when the 'injector is already closed, the control unit to reopen the 'primer extra pulse , to compensate for the title with quickly, subsequent injections are instead already increased in accordance with the coefficients first mentioned. When the electronic control unit recognizes the overcoming of the system mentioned above, inhibits the driving the electrical injectors.

If the 'inertia switch is tripped. However, in the starting phase the electrical injectors are driven in parallel a first time Full group. It is the third generation in the Fiat Punto series and was announced in August , and launched at the Frankfurt Motor Show. In , it was joined by the facelifted Punto Evo.

In , both were replaced by a revised model, called simply Punto, thus resurrecting the model name of its predecessor. It is manufactured in Italy, in Brazil from and in India from The Abarth Grande Punto is available in three versions - the 1. The first tuning kit, known as Assetto, is designed to enhance the chassis of the car, including the brakes and suspension.